Modulus or modulo division operator (%) returns the remainder.
syntax: dividend % divisor


for example:

5%2  give us 1 because when we divide 5 by 2 we get 2 as quotient and 1 as the remainder.
Similarly,
5%3  give us 2 because when we divide 5 by 3 we get 1 as quotient and 2 as the remainder.

 

Let’s take a look at the internal calculation of ‘%’ operator :

x%y will be resolved as x-(x/y)*y
for example, suppose x = 5 and y = 2, then
x%y >> x-(x/y)*y
5%2 >> 5-(5/2)*2
        >> 5-(2)*2
        >> 5-4
        >> 1
So, 5%2 is 1.

Points to remember regarding the ‘%’ operator :

• When the dividend is greater than the divisor, it will give the remainder.

          10%3 = 1

 

• When the dividend is smaller than the divisor, then the dividend itself is the remainder.

         3%10 = 3

 

•  For modulo division, the sign of the result is always the sign of the first operand i.e. dividend.

           e.g.
                -10%3 = -1
                -10%-3 = -1
                 10%-3 = 1
                 10%3 = 1,
         
          This is so because modulo operation is solved as :

                 x%y => x-(x/y)*y
         
           suppose x=-10 and y=3 ,then

           -> -10 -(-10/3)*3
           -> -10 -(-3)*3
           -> -10 + 9
           -> -1

           thus, -10%3 is -1